The National Institutes of Health currently recognizes three primary antivirals to mitigate severe disease progression of COVID-19.
As the variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus emerge, so too have treatment approaches and prevention measures. Over the past years, the rapid onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, has brought to light the need for quick responses and close surveillance of the virome to mitigate undesired health consequences among the population, specifically for those immunocompromised or who have comorbidities. Many of the initial practices used to treat COVID-19 are no longer effective with the emergence of variants. Current treatment protocols must be constantly assessed with the changing viral landscape.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends that all non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19 be offered symptom management. Today, antiviral treatment is the most effective method to mitigate mild to moderate COVID-19 variants in non-hospitalized patients.
The NIH recognizes three primary antivirals for patients who are at high risk of progressing to severe disease progression of COVID-19:
Timing plays a crucial role in each of these treatment options, as supported by extensive research studies. The NIH recommends initiating antiviral treatment within specific timeframes and routes.
| Drug | Initiation of Treatment | Route | Duration of Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir | Within 5 days of symptom onset | Oral | 5 days |
| Remdesivir | Within 7 days of symptom onset | IV | 3 days |
| Molnupirarvir | Within 5 days of symptom onset | Oral | 5 days |
Recognizing the potential for side effects and drug interaction, it is imperative for patients to consult and collaborate with their primary health care provider when considering these treatment options. A valuable tool in this regard is a drug interaction checker developed by The University of Liverpool to identify potential drug interaction complications during the COVID-19 treatment.